(revised) Annotation 2: Surrogacy is totally morally wrong

　　We can inferred from this article that surrogacy is seen as a morally wrong way to use. One of the reason is that surrogacy will be destructive of intimate relationships by giving birth to the couple's child. That is, the surrogate mother will be seen as a third person through a marriage that was originally formed by a husband and a wife. "The involvement of a third person from whose flesh this child is produced means that the child is linked with another whose presence in the intimate conjugal relationship compromises that relationship."(Ozolins, 1998) The surrogate mothers also have the intimate link with the children, we cannot deny their position and importance to the children. And, this may cause the problem of self-identity to the kids. The children may be confused that who is their real mother. "Clarity about origins is crucial for self-identity, itself important for self-respect." (Ozolins, 1998) Therefore, we cannot neglect its influences to the children. These results are resulted from that we see the surrogate mother as a person not as a mean. We treat the surrogate mother as a person, then if we take the children away, it may be some kind of exploitation to her because we take away what she originally has the right to own. Also, except it's immoral to bring the kids away, it might cause the psychological problems to the surrogate mothers. How do they feel when the kids that they give birth to being taken away and how do they overcome the mood?

      Otherwise, I think the payment to the surrogate mothers is also a kind of exploitation to them. Nothing can pay for the psychological and biological hurt of surrogate mothers. Although some people may think they are willing to do that, they are struggling for life, especially for those uneducated women, they have no other choices but to take this as a career to afford the enormous fee for their life and their families. However, it's still not a good option for them to choose because it really has some biological harm to them. Moreover, the cheaper the payment is, the more exploitation they will suffer. Besides, for those parents who do not have the ability to bear their own kids can choose for adoption. Although the children are not genetic, they can be the same if both of you are growing intimate relationship, moreover, you can bring a originally unhappiness orphan to a new and happy life. Thus, why we must have surrogacy?

　　Contradict to treating the surrogate mother as a person, if we regard the surrogate mothers as "hired artificial womb" or "artificial baby carrier"(Ozolins, 1998) , then we treated her as a thing, we failed to treated her as a person. From this point of view, "she is no longer a third party intruding on the unity of the spouses."(Ozolins, 1998) However, there is claim that surrogacy is  morally illicit because it's the failure to treat the surrogate as a person. Everyone has the right to be treated as a person, if seeing these surrogate mothers as a mean is agreed by people, then the law cannot protect them from risks according to the law for human rights, therefore, they may be easily indulged in dangers and be exploited. They do not have methods to protect themselves. Accordingly, this side of thinking is also not a good way as an explanation for the solution to the moral problem that the surrogate mothers bring us. It seems that there is no balanced way to solve the difficulty. Thus, " the surrogacy is in all of the usual cases morally wrong"(Ozolins, 1998) and cannot be put into practices.

Reference

-Olizons, John. (August, 1998). Surrogacy: Exploitation or Violation of Intamacy? Retrieved from http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/OApp/OAppOzol.htm